This research examines the legal perspective on openness, transparency, proportionality and law enforcement in contracts for the procurement of government goods and services. Implementing the principles of openness and transparency is key in maintaining a fair and open procurement process. The principle of proportionality plays an important role in balancing government objectives with the rights and obligations of providers of goods and services. The principles of openness and transparency need to be implemented carefully in the process of procuring government goods and services in order to gain public trust. Apart from that, the principle of proportionality in contracts for the procurement of government goods and services needs to be taken into account in order to achieve a balance between the government and providers of goods and services. In the event that a dispute occurs in a contract for the procurement of government goods and services, it can be resolved using 4 methods, namely through contact dispute resolution services, arbitration, construction dispute council, or through court. This research uses legal research methods using a statutory regulation approach and a conceptual approach. This research aims to explore the principles of openness, transparency, the principle of proportionality, and law enforcement of contracts for the procurement of government goods and services from a legal perspective.

Inbreeding is an act that violates the law, both marriage law in Indonesia and religious law. As Article 8 of Law Number 1 of 1974 regulates that marriage is prohibited. The main problem to be discussed is related to the legal construction of inbreeding and the analysis of inbreeding based on Legislation of Marriage. This research is normative research using statutory, case and concept approaches. This research shows that there are people who want to end consanguineous marriages through divorce. Meanwhile, consanguineous marriages are marriages that do not meet the requirements for a marriage to be valid, so they must be annulled. The advice from this research is that if someone knows that there is a sibling relationship with the person they are going to marry, then they should not proceed with the marriage. However, if you have already entered into a marriage, the marriage must be annulled. Apart from that, if you are going to get married, you have to do more research regarding the relationship of each couple. This includes registering marriages to prevent marriages between people who are related by blood.

The purposes of this research is to analyze legal ptotection for children in guardianship, which there is a transfer of assets in guardianship without involving Heritage Treasure Hall as supervisory trustees. The article will use a doctrinal research method to analyze the legal aspects of children guardianship. Guardianship is oversight of minors who are not under the authority of their parents so their legal position needs to be represented by a guardian. In a trusteeship, the guardian has rights and obligations over the life of the child under his guardianship and is responsible for the property of the child. In carrying out its role, under Article 366 of the Civil Code, the guardian is supervised by a supervisory guardian, in this case, the Heritage Treasure Hall. However, the Heritage Treasure Hall is less involved in trusteeship activities, especially in the transfer of children’s assets in trust. Actions that do not involve the Heritage Treasure Hall will result in the termination of a guardian and all actions that have been taken may be cancelled.

It is very important for Indonesia to provide protection for potential Geographical Indications in order to maintain fair business competition; consumer protection; protection of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises; and domestic industry. Geographical indications, which are communal intellectual property rights, become an economic potential for the region or community group that proposes them. The protection of Geographical Indications will not only provide welfare benefits for the rights owners but will also constitute acknowledgment of the rights of end consumers who utilize products with said Geographical Indication rights. The regulation regarding violations of the rights of Geographical Indications contains protection for consumer rights and the obligations of producers. The study was carried out through normative juridical methods through statutory and conceptual approaches using legal materials, both primary, secondary and tertiary. Henceforth, the analysis is carried out deductively.

Non-fungible tokens, also known as NFTs, are a special kind of digital record of ownership that is utilized in a certain manner to guarantee validity and uniqueness of intangible goods. Due to its features, NFTs become interesting among art creators and even asset collector. Transactions on NFT create incredible values, which raises a number of legal issues, particularly in the realm of intellectual property rights related to copyright. This research aims to explains the connection between the existence of NFT and current copyright law in Indonesia focusing on the ownership and transfer of rights from the purchasing of NFTs. The author will try to compare on other jurisdictions (Ireland & Germany) concerning the copyright legal framework. Furthermore, the practice by licensing method in current NFTs marketplace will also be demonstrate through this paper. The research methodology employed is a normative juridical approach with an analytical and descriptive research design. Based on the research conducted, there is still a legal gap in Indonesian copyright law, particularly in the realm of NFTs and the idea of droit de suite, which has existed in intellectual property right concept globally. Finally, this paper will present several recommendations for the government and other relevant stakeholders upon NFTs transactions.

Regulation of the Minister of Health the Republic of Indonesia No. 18 of 2021 on Changes to the Regulation of the Minister of Health the Republic of Indonesia No. 10 of 2021 on the Implementation of Vaccination in the Framework of Prevention of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) as a reference for the implementation of vaccination programs led to a research analysis on the ratio legis of the regulation of commercialization of gotong royong vaccine for legal entities or business entities. Meanwhile, reviewed based on presidential Regulation No. 14 of 2021 on Changes to Presidential Regulation No. 99 of 2020 on Vaccine Procurement and Vaccination Implementation in the framework of Countering the Corona Virus Disease Pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) does not regulate the commercialization of gotong royong vaccine for legal entities or business entities so that the expansion of authority or discretion is seen from the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2021,  On the other hand, ministerial decisions that are beschikking / decree are reviewed based on the method of the legislative approach and the concept approach has exceeded the above regulations. The result of this study is that the ratio of legis to support the acceleration of pandemic response and the implementation of vaccination in the scope of force Majeure circumstances is required to assist legal entities, or business entities where it is regulated under the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia interpreted in Presidential Regulation 99 of 2020 Article 17 paragraph (1) letter b included in other sources of legitimate vaccine procurement funding.

Land is one of the important elements for social lives. Because really that important, the land which was the one of elements of the agrarian in the life of the Indonesian constitutionality has been regulated in Law Number 5 of 1960. This arrangement is intended to ensure a certainty of legal, in which the land was necessary a land registration in order to provide such certainty and legal protection to the rights holders, their rights which later on the outcome of those with registration certificate as a strong evidence. However due to the development of technology that so rapidly now this, then in terms of registering land even until issue certificates have can be done online/electronic. So that with the latest regulation regarding electronic acticity creates a new problem in terms of proof power between conventional certificates and electronic certificates.

Indonesia as an archipelagic country consisting of large and small islands separated by the ocean with geographical conditions has a total area of ​​7,827,087 Km2 and is located in Equatorial emeralds have a wealth of abundant natural resources, especially in the sea ​​and coastal areas which cover of the territory of Indonesia (5.8 million Km2). Article 18 B paragraph (2) and Article 28 I paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as the constitutional basis for recognition and protection the rights of indigenous peoples in coastal areas and small islands. Resource wealth nature in the form of coastal areas and small islands controlled and managed by the state tothe greatest prosperity of the people. State recognition of the existence of the legal community customs related to natural resources are inconsistent. The formulation of the problem from this research is (1) The legal construction of the Job Creation Law on the protection of customary law communities in the territory coast. (2) Implications of the Job Creation Law on the protection of customary law communities in the region coast. The research method in this writing is normative juridical. In summary, the result of In this research, the desired law is a law that provides protection against community members including customary law communities in coastal areas and islands small island, then an impartial legal instrument in the recognition of existence Indigenous Law Communities, for example in the Job Creation Law, which has not been in favor of Protection of Indigenous Peoples in Coastal Areas and Small Islands.

Corruption that is happening in Indonesia today, is already in a very serious position and is deeply rooted in every aspect of life. The development of corrupt practices from year to year is increasing, both in terms of quantity or amount of state financial losses as well as in terms of quality which are increasingly systematic, sophisticated and have expanded in scope in all aspects of society. Corruption is an act that can not only harm the state's finances but can also cause losses to the people's economy. This paper explores the criminological aspects of corruption. In the decision Number: 95/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN. Sby stated that law enforcers from court institutions, namely the scope of the Registrar's Office, were involved in cases of criminal acts of abuse of authority which indicated a criminal act of corruption, namely bribery. The need for clear legal accountability for government officials in carrying out their duties and authorities is an essential requirement in an effort to realize law enforcement for criminal acts of corruption with legal certainty and justice.

The function and role of Indonesian immigration is to prevent, as a traffic controller people enter or leave the territory of the Republic of Indonesia in accordance with what is stated in the Law Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. This legal research focused on knowing the implications of prevention abroad for Indonesian citizens abroad based on a human rights perspective. The research method used is normative juridical. This research concludes that the regulations in Indonesia which regulate the prevention of Indonesian citizens abroad is in accordance with the values and norms contained in the in the state ideology, namely Pancasila and the state Constitution, namely the 1945 Constitution prevention carried out by immigration officers to people suspected of being involved in cases The law that will go outside the territory of the Indonesian state is in accordance with the applicable rules. Then related to prevention, it is also not a form of limiting human rights, because human rights are Indonesia is a human rights balance with its human obligations as a member of society. The use of human rights in Indonesia cannot be carried out without paying attention to human rights obligations, in other words, human rights cannot be used absolutely.